Looking for a stable, rewarding career path that doesn’t require a college degree? The plumbing trade is a great career choice if you enjoy hands-on work, problem-solving, and a solid income. Whether you’re a high school graduate, considering a technical college, or exploring a second career, we’ll walk you through how to become a plumber, from classroom instruction to licensing requirements and beyond.

Quick look:

• Find out how long it takes, what it costs, and how trade schools and apprenticeships play a role.
• Learn how to become a certified plumber through a clear five step guide, from high school diploma to state licensure.
• Discover average salaries for apprentices, journeypersons, and master plumbers, with tips for boosting income.
• Plumbing is a high-demand, hands-on career that offers stability, growth opportunities, and a future-proof skill set.

How long does it take to become a plumber?

The time it takes to become a licensed plumber varies by state and by the path you choose, but most people complete their training in about four to five years through a formal apprenticeship. A typical plumbing apprenticeship program combines classroom instruction with paid, on-the-job training under the direct supervision of a master plumber.

Some choose to get a head start by enrolling in a vocational school, trade school, or plumbing program offered through a local community college. These programs may shorten your journey to certification, depending on your state’s specific requirements. Most states also require a certain number of hours of experience before you can sit for the journeyman exam or apply for your plumber’s license.

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How much does it cost to become a plumber?

The cost to start a plumbing career can vary depending on where you live and the path you choose. Unlike a traditional college degree, becoming a plumber is often much more affordable, and you can earn while you learn through an apprenticeship.

Here’s a rough breakdown of what you might expect to pay:

• Trade school or vocational school tuition: $1,000–$15,000: Tuition for a technical college or plumbing trade program can vary widely. Public local community colleges tend to cost less, while private training centers may charge more. Some programs offer financial aid or are partnered with plumbing companies and trade associations to reduce out-of-pocket costs.
• Licensing fees and exams: $100–$500+: Depending on your state, you’ll likely need to pay to take a written exam, apply for a plumbers license, or register for a journeyman plumber license. Additional fees may apply for the Master Plumber Exam, license renewal process, or specialized certifications (e.g., gas fitter or Contractor License).
• Books, tools, and reference materials: $300–$1,000: Expect to invest in your own tools, uniforms, safety gear, and educational supplies. Some programs provide materials as part of the package, but others require you to purchase them separately.
• Additional costs: Some states may require a background check, proof of a valid driver’s license, or even liability insurance if you’re applying as a licensed plumbing contractor or starting your own plumbing business.

Tip: If you join a formal apprenticeship through a local union much of your job training will be paid, and licensing exam prep might be included.

While the upfront investment might seem like a lot, the relatively low education requirements, quick entry into the workforce, and high annual salary make plumbing one of the most cost-effective paths to a successful career in the trades.

5 steps to become a certified plumber

1. Get your high school diploma or GED

Before you can begin formal training, most states require a high school diploma or a General Educational Development (GED) certificate.

During high school, focus on math, science, and shop classes, especially those that teach basic geometry, algebra, and physics. These subjects form the foundation for understanding plumbing codes, measuring pipe lengths, and troubleshooting systems like heating systems and drainage systems.

2. Attend a plumber trade school (optional)

While not required in all states, attending a trade school, technical college, or vocational school can give you an edge. Plumbing programs at these institutions often include both theory and hands-on experience in areas like water supply, pipe fitting, safety protocols, and customer service skills.

Schools can also give you exposure to new technologies in the plumbing industry and prepare you for entry-level work or placement in an apprenticeship. Completing a trade school program shows potential employers that you’re serious about entering the trade.

3. Apply for a plumbing apprenticeship

Next, apply for a plumbing apprenticeship program. To find an apprenticeship, reach out to local unions, trade associations, or apply directly through a plumbing company. To qualify, most states require you to be at least 18 years of age and have a valid driver’s license.

Apprenticeships typically last four to five years and include a mix of formal training and practical experience. You’ll learn about state codes, safety standards, and actual plumbing systems while earning a paycheck. 

4. Complete required on-the-job training hours

Throughout your apprenticeship, you’ll need to complete thousands of hours of experience, usually between 6,000 and 8,000, as required by your state. These hours include job training under the supervision of a master plumber, as well as classroom instruction covering pipe systems, services, and types of plumbing licenses.

You’ll also learn how to read blueprints, follow state license requirements, and work with everything from residential water heaters to large-scale commercial work.

5. Get licensed or certified in your state

Once you’ve completed the required number of hours and met all education requirements, you’ll be eligible to sit for your written exam and possibly a practical test. Passing this test earns you your Plumbers License, sometimes called a journeyman plumber license or licensed journeyman plumber, depending on the region.

Many states also offer a Master Plumber Exam after you gain additional years of experience. Earning your master plumbing license or becoming a licensed Master Plumber opens doors to more complex jobs, supervising others, or even applying for a Contractor License to start your own plumbing business.

Salary expectations for a plumber

Plumbing offers a rewarding career path with competitive pay that increases as you gain experience and certifications. Here’s a breakdown of what you can expect at different stages:

Wages in the plumbing industry vary based on years of experience, location, and licensing level. Entry-level workers in plumbing apprenticeship programs typically earn between $30,000 and $40,000 annually, with earnings increasing as they build job experience and pass required exams.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary for a licensed plumber in the U.S. is about $60,090 per year, but experienced professionals, especially those with a master plumber license, can earn well over $100,000, particularly in urban areas or by working overtime or on-call.

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Here’s a general breakdown:

• Apprentice (entry-level): $30,000–$40,000/year
• Journeyman level: $50,000–$70,000/year
• Master or specialized (e.g., gas fitter): $75,000–$100,000+

Plumbers can also increase their income by working as independent contractors, launching their own businesses, or partnering with a general contractor on large-scale projects.

The growth rate for the profession is strong. Population increases, aging infrastructure, and the need for experts in both traditional systems and new technologies drive demand. The BLS projects a 6% job growth rate through 2033, which is faster than the average for all occupations.

Tips for success as a plumbing apprentice

• Show up early and prepared: Be punctual and ready to demonstrate your seriousness. Bring your tools, PPE, and a positive attitude to every jobsite.
• Ask questions: Take initiative and learn from every experience. Use reference materials and stay curious, especially when it comes to plumbing codes and state license rules.
• Stay organized: Keep your gear and notes in order. Whether it’s tools or licensing paperwork, organization makes life easier.
• Take safety seriously: From hot pipes to hazardous materials, plumbers need to know how to protect themselves and others on the job.
• Be a team player: Good customer service, communication, and respect for direct supervision are important, especially if you want to grow in a successful career.

Is plumbing a good career?

If you’re looking for a rewarding career path with stability, hands-on work, and growth opportunities, plumbing checks all the boxes. It’s ideal for people who enjoy solving problems, learning practical skills, and working independently.

The trade is booming in regions with ongoing development, with work closely tied to energy efficiency and sustainability. Union-backed plumbing programs, trade associations, and government incentives make training more accessible than ever, whether through a local community college, a vocational school, or an apprenticeship with a plumbing company.

Even better, you don’t need a college degree. With a high school diploma, the right formal apprenticeship, and hard work, you can become a licensed plumbing contractor, earn your master plumbing license, or launch your own plumbing business.

Bottom line

Knowing how to become a plumber means understanding your training path, licensing steps, and the long-term career potential this trade offers. Whether your next step is applying for a plumbing apprenticeship program or researching licensing requirements, there’s a clear route to a well-paying, secure career.

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