Under the Hard Hat

Tag: Safety

  • Fall protection measures to reduce roofing injuries

    Fall protection measures to reduce roofing injuries

    Roofers face some of the most dangerous jobs across the construction industry. Injury and fatality statistics continue to climb, making OSHA violations common across many job sites. It’s an employer’s responsibility to establish a stronger safety culture, and identifying hazards, secure ladder usage, roof inspections, and fall protection plans also make a world of difference. 

    An overview of falls

    The construction industry is one of the most dangerous, and the roofing sector, in particular, has one of the highest rates of injury and fatality. According to roofingcontractor.com, roofing is one of the three deadliest of all civilian occupations, with the fatality total climbing to 124 in 2022. Of these 124 deaths, 80.6% were due to a fall, trip, or slip.

    While there is no singular reason why falls in construction happen or how to prevent them entirely, a few common causes continuously repeat themselves. Lack of experience, improper equipment, and failure to complete a safety inspection are common factors that lead to accidents. OSHA reports that failure to use fall protection equipment properly is one of the most common citations year after year.

    Some workers will naturally be more risk-averse, but by fostering a culture with more stringent safety protocols, we can prevent injuries and fatalities. 

    The role of employers

    Workers are responsible for following safety protocols and protecting themselves, but these protocols trickle down, ultimately, from the companies themselves. The employers have a responsibility to: 

    • Institute a housekeeping program to lessen the risk of falls, slips, and trips
    • Routinely identify and control fall hazards on site
    • Installing fall protection measures like proper guard rails
    • Provide the correct PPE to roofers working at heights

    Employers are also responsible for eliminating language barriers on site and ensuring every employee receives the same accessible, thorough training. Signage, training, and a written fall protection plan must be provided in a language employees understand. 

    6 ways to prevent roofing falls

    1. Identify hazards 

    Before any roofing work can begin, employers should conduct a formal assessment to identify fall hazards workers may face. This includes climbing on ladders, working on rooftops, and standing on scaffolding.

    Once hazards have been identified, the risk assessment will determine the severity of each risk. When working on rooftops, the evaluation must include access hatches and skylights, which pose additional risks and require separate safety measures. Small platforms, such as balconies and uneven elevations, will also need their own types of equipment and protection. 

    2. Safety training

    Safely executed work starts with thorough safety training. Everyone can prevent falls, slips, and trips, not just while working at heights. Knowing how to examine, install, and troubleshoot fall arrest PPE and its misuse is crucial for preventing injury. 

    The roofers’ fall-protection training program should be reviewed and modified regularly to ensure it’s current with the latest technology being used on site. It should reflect new, modern hazards that workers will likely face and incorporate real demonstrations and active teaching of the equipment used. 

    Even if PPE in the work environment remains the same, holding regular refreshers for employees will help everyone keep safety top of mind, and remember what they need to do to prevent injuries at work. 

    3. Secure ladder use

    Installing a ladder might be a part of the workday that roofers do quickly and haphazardly, as it’s routine. However, ensuring proper laddy safety is crucial for preventing workplace injuries. 

    Begin by conducting a risk assessment before using the ladder. Assess the condition of the ladder, noting any damage or defects. Then, confirm the ladder is a suitable height for the job. Always place the ladder on an even surface to maximize stability. 

    Before climbing, inspect the rungs and side rails for debris or slippery surfaces. To prevent shifting, the ladder must also be secured and tied off at the top and bottom. Always ensure three points of contact while ascending the ladder, whether two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand. Also, avoid twisting or overarching movements. 

    The ladder must always extend 3 feet above the access point to ensure a safe transition onto the roof. Workers can use ladder stabilizers to further prevent shifts or sliding.

    4. Fall protection plan

    Workers need safety harnesses as part of a proper fall protection plan when working on roofs. This is essential for preventing fall mistakes and minimizing the risk of serious injury or fatality.

    Fall protection plans may vary depending on the role but should generally contain the following:

    • Hazard inspection and identification
    • Applicable fall protection mechanisms
    • Emergency procedures
    • Compliance documentation
    • Equipment inspection protocols
    • Guard rail installation guides
    • Inspection notes

    5. Roof inspections

    Before workers commence work, the roof should be inspected regularly to identify potential hazards or damage. A proper roof inspection ensures safety compliance and is crucial to maintaining an overall safe environment. An appropriate inspection of the roof should involve the following: 

    • A routine check by qualified personnel to thoroughly assess the condition of the roof and address any issues
    • Keeping thorough records of previous inspections and repairs to track the condition of the roof over time
    • Utilizing proper and current technology like infrared imaging and drones to detect damages or vulnerabilities in the work area

    By implementing these measures, companies can lessen risks of injury or fatality before they happen. 

    6. Guard rail use

    Often an afterthought on roofing sites, installing guardrails is essential for preventing falls and injuries on the job site. Guardrails create an effective physical barrier that prevents workers from accidentally stepping off the edge. Safety nets and personal fall arrest systems are great alternative solutions, but they may not offer the same level of continuous protection. 

    Guardrails provide a constant visible barrier that helps improve safety, especially while working near the roof’s edge. They’re also easy to install and require minimal maintenance. When installed in place, they provide a reliable method of fall protection without the need for significant adjustments or extensive training. 

    Guard rails are also cost-effective. While safety is most improved when multiple fall protection precautions are in place, guard rails are a simple, accessible bare minimum that most sites could implement immediately. 

    Bottom line

    Roofing falls are preventable, and proper fall prevention starts with the employer and the roofer fostering a safer environment. By identifying hazards, implementing a thorough fall protection plan, and conducting proper safety training, your crew will be well on its way to improving injury and fatality statistics. 

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  • Why confusion over headgear is putting construction workers at risk

    Why confusion over headgear is putting construction workers at risk

    When it comes to construction site safety, headgear is often misunderstood. Many workers and managers use terms like “hard hats” and “helmets” interchangeably, which can lead to mistakes in selecting the right equipment for the job. This confusion doesn’t just affect compliance—it increases the risk of preventable injuries.

    Hard hats vs. helmets: clarifying terminology

    A common misconception on construction sites is that hard hats and helmets are the same. While both are designed to protect workers’ heads, they serve different purposes and offer various degrees of protection.

    Hard hats are the traditional choice on most job sites. They’re built to shield against vertical impacts, like tools or debris falling from above, and typically rely on a suspension system to absorb the force. However, they’re not as effective for side impacts or falls and often don’t include straps to keep them secure during movement.

    On the other hand, helmets are gaining traction for their added safety features. They’re designed to protect against multiple types of impacts, including lateral ones, and often come with chin straps to ensure they stay in place. These helmets are especially useful for jobs involving dynamic activities, such as working on scaffolds or operating heavy machinery.

    Image source: MSA
    Image source: MSA
    Image source: MSA

    Understanding the difference between these two types of headgear can help workers and managers make better choices, reduce risks, and improve safety outcomes.

    Headgear challenges

    Managing headgear use on construction sites is more complicated than it seems. Workers often face issues with fit, comfort, and usability, leading to improper use or no use. Ensuring consistent compliance while balancing worker needs and safety standards becomes a daily challenge for managers. These difficulties matter because headgear is a worker’s first line of defense against serious injuries, and lapses in its use can have life-altering consequences. 

    Here are some of the common challenges faced by site managers:

    1. Consistent use: Workers often skip wearing headgear, viewing it as unnecessary or uncomfortable, especially during short tasks. This inconsistency leaves them vulnerable to injuries.
    2. Proper fit and comfort: Ill-fitting hard hats and helmets are less effective and can distract workers. Discomfort often leads to improper adjustments or removal during work.
    3. Appropriate selection for the job: Different tasks require different levels of protection, but workers are often equipped with gear that doesn’t match the risks involved, such as using hard hats when helmets are needed for lateral impact protection.
    4. Heat stress: Wearing headgear in hot weather can increase discomfort and heat exhaustion, leading to non-compliance or unsafe modifications like removing the suspension for ventilation.
    5. Storage and maintenance: Improperly stored or damaged headgear is less effective, yet many sites lack regular inspections or replacement protocols.
    6. Resistance to change: Some workers are reluctant to adopt modern helmets, sticking to traditional hard hats due to familiarity, cost, or skepticism about the benefits.

    The importance of education

    Education and training on proper headgear use are vital for keeping workers safe on construction sites. Without knowing when, why, and how to use the right equipment, workers are likelier to make mistakes or skip head protection altogether, leaving themselves vulnerable to severe injuries.

    The numbers speak for themselves. From 2003 to 2010, more than 2,200 construction workers died from traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), accounting for 25% of all construction-related fatalities. Many of these incidents involved falls or struck-by accidents where proper headgear could have made a life-saving difference. Workers who don’t fully understand the risks of not wearing or improperly using headgear are more likely to fall victim to such preventable tragedies.

    Adding to the problem is the confusion around headgear terminology. A report by J.J. Keller revealed that 80% of safety professionals mistakenly believed only helmet-style protection offers multi-directional impact resistance. This misunderstanding affects compliance and can lead to poor decision-making about which equipment to provide.

    Proper training ensures that workers understand the differences between hard hats and helmets and when to use each one. It also helps create a culture where safety is taken seriously, making it easier for managers to enforce rules and for workers to adopt safer habits. When workers know how to properly adjust their headgear, understand its limitations, and recognize when it needs replacement, they’re far less likely to get injured on the job. 

    How to improve headgear safety in construction

    Improving headgear safety on construction sites means tackling common issues with practical solutions that workers and managers can apply daily. Here are the top factors to consider:

    1. Better education and training

    Teaching workers how to choose, wear, and maintain headgear is one of the most practical ways to reduce injuries. Training sessions should include real-life examples of accidents that could have been prevented with proper gear. When workers understand the risks and know how to protect themselves, they’re more likely to take safety seriously.

    2. Terminology standardization

    Misunderstandings about what makes a “hard hat” different from a “helmet” can lead to poor equipment choices. Standardizing these terms across the industry ensures everyone knows what kind of protection is required for different jobs. Clear definitions and examples should be included in safety manuals and job-site signage.

    3. Regular audits and inspections

    Checking headgear regularly can catch problems before they lead to injuries. Managers should ensure workers are wearing their gear correctly and replace items that are damaged or past their expiration date. These inspections don’t just prevent accidents—they also show workers that safety is a shared priority.

    4. Clear communication on safety standards

    Workers are more likely to follow the rules when they understand them. Managers should explain headgear policies in simple terms and use visuals to reinforce those messages. When everyone knows the “why” behind a rule, it feels less like a burden and more like a necessary step to stay safe.

    5. Improved headgear design

    Workers are more likely to keep their headgear on if it’s comfortable and practical. Lightweight helmets with ventilation and adjustable straps make long shifts in the heat easier to manage. Partnering with safety equipment suppliers to find better options can go a long way in improving compliance.

    6. Building a culture of safety

    Creating a safer workplace isn’t just about rules—it’s about teamwork. Encouraging workers to speak up when they notice issues or suggest improvements builds trust and makes safety a shared effort. When workers feel involved, they’re more likely to follow the rules and support others in doing the same.

    Bottom line

    Confusion around headgear is a risk that puts lives on the line. By addressing this issue through better education, standardized terminology, and improved practices, construction sites can create a safer environment where workers are equipped to protect themselves.

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  • OSHA’s new PPE rule: What employers need to know 

    OSHA’s new PPE rule: What employers need to know 

    OSHA has introduced significant updates to its Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) standards for the construction industry, focusing on employee protection. The new rule clarifies employers’ responsibilities regarding PPE fit, ensuring that it is suitable for each worker regardless of gender, body type, or physical attributes. This shift addresses long-standing issues in the construction field, where ill-fitting gear has led to reduced safety and productivity.  

    What this means for employers

    Under the updated guidelines, employers must ensure that all PPE—whether hard hats, gloves, safety glasses, or harnesses—fits properly and provides adequate protection for every worker. Generic “one-size-fits-all” solutions are no longer acceptable. Instead, employers will need to assess each worker’s needs and provide gear that accommodates variations in size and shape. This change strengthens worker safety and reduces the risk of injuries caused by poorly fitted equipment, such as slipping harnesses or oversized gloves.  

    One critical aspect of the rule is the inclusion of gender-specific PPE. Historically, most PPE was designed for male workers, leaving female workers with ill-fitting gear. The new standards require employers to address this disparity, ensuring that all workers—regardless of gender—have access to protective equipment that fits correctly. By doing so, OSHA is pushing for a safer, more inclusive work environment.  

    The changes present new challenges for employers in sourcing and maintaining compliant PPE. Companies must review their existing safety programs and potentially expand their inventory to include a wider range of sizes and styles. Training programs may also need updates to educate supervisors on evaluating proper fit and addressing worker concerns about PPE. These adjustments may require upfront costs but can lead to long-term benefits by reducing workplace injuries and the associated downtime and legal risks.  

    OSHA has emphasized enforcing these new standards, signaling to employers that compliance is not optional. Failing to provide correctly fitting PPE could result in citations, fines, or liability in the event of an accident. For companies operating in construction, where the risks are already high, meeting these standards is critical in safeguarding their workforce and reputation.  

    The updated rule reflects a broader focus on worker safety and inclusion in the industry. By addressing the diverse needs of today’s workforce, OSHA is setting a precedent for other industries to follow. For workers, the changes offer reassurance that their safety and comfort are being prioritized, paving the way for a healthier, more productive job site.  

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  • Top OSHA violations of 2024 + penalty increases construction teams need to know about

    Top OSHA violations of 2024 + penalty increases construction teams need to know about

    The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is seeing another increase in penalties for safety violations in 2025. Increases are determined based on inflation and cost of living, and construction companies are penalized per violation and for each day the employer fails to abate the previously cited violation. Top violations include respiratory protection, ladder violations, and fall protection violations.

    2024 top OSHA violations

    10. Machine guarding

    Standard number: 1910.212

    Number of violations: 1,541

    Machine guarding refers to violations related to unsafe practices with machine parts. Moving machine parts could potentially cause serious injuries or fatalities. Injuries could include amputations, burns, blindness, and crushed hands or fingers.

    To protect workers, it’s important to implement safeguards. Any machine function, process, or part that may cause harm must be safeguarded. When the operation or accidental contact of the machine causes injury to anyone in the vicinity, including the operator, those hazards must be controlled or eliminated. Failure to implement these safeguards or controls results in violations. 

    9. Personal protective and lifesaving equipment 

    Standard number: 1926.102

    Number of violations: 1,814

    Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes clothing for the face, eyes, and head and protection for the extremities. Examples of types of protection include protective face shields, respiratory devices, and clothing barriers for chemical, mechanical, radiological, and other environmental hazards in the workplace. 

    If employers fail to provide or require employees to use PPE, it could result in an OSHA violation. This PPE must meet the specifications for design as stated in the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Employers are responsible for properly maintaining PPE, including employee-owned equipment.

    8. Scaffolding

    Standard number: 1926.451

    Number of violations: 1,873

    OSHA mandates that scaffolds must be constructed, designed, and erected by qualified workers. This includes ensuring the scaffold structure can support at least four times the maximum intended load. Failure to assemble scaffolding that does not meet these requirements results in violations.

    7. Fall protection – training requirements

    Standard number: 1926.503

    Number of violations: 2,050

    To avoid fall protection violations, OSHA requires employers to keep work areas’ floors clean and dry. They must also select and provide required PPE at no cost to employees, adequately train workers about job hazards in a language they can understand, and provide working conditions free of known fall dangers. 

    6. Powered industrial trucks

    Standard number: 1910.178

    Number of violations: 2,248

    Reasons for OSHA violations for powered industrial trucks could include a lack of adequate operator training, failing to perform routine inspections on the truck, operating the vehicle unsafely, overloading the truck, and not removing a defective truck from service. Failure to maintain the truck properly could also result in a penalty. 

    5. Lockout/tagout

    Standard number: 1910.147

    Number of violations: 2,443

    Lockout and tagout (LOTO) violations can occur for several reasons. The most frequently occurring examples are failure to identify and isolate energy sources, train employees, and establish a proper LOTO program. 

    Failing to conduct LOTO inspections and follow procedures and unauthorized LOTO operations may also result in penalties.

    4. Respiratory protection

    Standard number: 1910.134

    Number of violations: 2,470

    Employers must provide respirators, proper training, and regular medical evaluations at no charge to employees. They must also follow proper respirator selection guidelines, which means a routine respiratory hazard evaluation must be conducted at each site. 

    Identifying relevant workplace and respirator user factors and basing respirator selection on these factors is also mandatory. 

    3. Ladder 

    Standard number: 1926.1053

    Number of violations: 2,573

    Ladder is another larger OSHA violation category, and violations can be broken up into distinct categories. 

    Improper setup, inadequate maintenance, using the wrong ladder, and using a defective ladder are common ways employers receive OSHA penalties. Lack of fall protection, inadequate safety training, moving a ladder while in use, and using a wet, oily, or greasy ladder will also result in violations.

    2. Hazard communication

    Standard number: 1910.1200

    Number of violations: 2,888

    Hazard communication violations occur when employers fail to inform workers about hazardous chemicals in the workplace. Lack of notification includes not producing a written hazard communication program, failing to provide adequate chemical training, not labeling containers, or not maintaining Safety Data Sheets for each present chemical on site.

    1. Fall protection

    Standard number: 1926.501

    Number of violations: 6,307

    Fall protection violations have long been number one on the list, and according to OSHA, a violation occurs when employers fail to provide necessary fall protection equipment or systems for working at heights. 

    This includes scenarios like elevated surfaces, unprotected edges, holes in floors, or open-sided platforms without safety nets, guardrails, or personal fall arrest systems. Failing to provide adequate fall protection training on proper equipment use and hazard identification also results in penalties.

    What’s changed with penalties?

    As of January 15th, 2025, OSHA’s maximum violation penalties have increased. Violations were previously $16,131 and are now $16,550 for each serious and other-than-serious violation. The penalty also applies for each day the employer fails to abate the previously cited infraction. 

    Penalties for repeated or willful violations have also been raised from $161,323 to $165,514 per violation. This annual increase of roughly 2.6% between 2024 and 2025 is a decrease from the 3.2% climb from 2023 to 2024. 

    According to the federal government, the increase in violations is correlated with the annual cost-of-living increases and inflation. Increased violations could inspire more stringent safety protocols and fewer violations, but that statistic also depends on increased safety measures’ effectiveness. Improved safety hazard culture and fewer violations can only be achieved when organizations commit to changing or overhauling their processes.

    Bottom line

    OSHA violations are a significant motivator for construction companies to implement and maintain proper safety protocols in the workplace. While injuries and fatalities are always possible, with or without OSHA, the risk of high costs due to preventable violations does reduce the number of incidents significantly. 

    Ladder and hazard communication violations are among the most prominent violations OSHA has seen, but fall protection violations once again top the list. In theory, increasing violation penalties should reduce incidents further, but an impactful change would require a more drastic cultural shift regarding workplace safety.

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  • Addressing workplace injuries: Understanding the Monday effect in construction

    Addressing workplace injuries: Understanding the Monday effect in construction

    Mondays can feel tough for everyone, but they bring more than just the start-of-the-week blues in the construction industry. They also increase the chance of getting injured on the job, a phenomenon known as the “Monday effect.” This concerning trend leaves companies scrambling to cover the work, decreases productivity, and often results in costly compensation claims.

    The reality of the construction industry

    Construction sites are among the most hazardous workplaces, with accidents occurring almost daily and in an instant; workers constantly face falling objects, heavy machinery, and dangerous materials. In 2022, the construction industry accounted for nearly 20% of all workplace fatalities in the United States despite employing only about 7.5% of the workforce.

    This disparity shows the value of safety in the industry. While many companies have safety procedures, they often fall short of protecting workers. Accidents carry major financial burdens beyond the human toll. Fatal construction injuries are estimated to cost the United States $5 billion each year, considering healthcare expenses, lost income, reduced quality of life for families, and lost production. Therefore, addressing workplace risks in construction has benefits beyond just life and profits. It helps society as a whole be more productive.

    The ‘Monday effect’

    The “Monday effect” is a well-documented phenomenon that reveals a spike in workplace injuries at the start of the workweek. For construction workers, this trend has profound implications. Several reports from various countries, including Canada, Spain, and Australia, show that more injuries are reported on Mondays than on other days. For example, a study in Australia found that 23.6% of weekday work injury claims occur on Mondays. This pattern is especially concerning in the construction industry, where physical labor and high-risk activities constantly challenge safety.

    The most common injuries sustained are back injuries and wrist sprains, according to a report from Ontario. In addition, from Monday onwards, a study has shown that injury frequency decreases by 29.4% from Monday to Friday, also known as the “Weekday Effect.” The largest decrease occurs from Monday to Tuesday, with 14.3% less chance of injury. These findings indicate that a better job needs to be done regarding safety on construction sites on Mondays. Recognizing this trend as a real threat to worker safety will help companies create strategies that mitigate injuries and keep workers safe.

    Why Mondays?

    Several factors contribute to this increased risk. One major issue is the impact of poor sleep quality on Sunday nights. Many workers go to bed late after the weekend, leading to insufficient rest and “cognitive failure,” which can result in errors on the job. Additionally, Mondays often mark the beginning of new tasks or projects, introducing unfamiliar risks that workers may not yet be prepared for. Another factor is the change in site conditions over the weekend. Weather, for example, can cause unexpected hazards; strong winds may shift scaffolding or unsecured materials, creating dangerous scenarios for crews returning to work.

    Addressing the root causes is key to preventing accidents

    Workplace injuries, especially in high-risk industries like construction, rarely occur in isolation. They’re often the result of a combination of factors that create unsafe working conditions. Identifying and addressing these root causes will help to reduce accidents and protect workers.

    Here are some of the top causes of accidents in the construction industry:

    • Labor shortages: A limited workforce often means employees are overworked, leading to fatigue, mistakes, and unsafe practices.
    • Pressure to meet deadlines: Tight project timelines can push workers and management to cut corners, skip safety checks, or rush tasks.
    • Poor risk assessments: Failure to identify specific hazards on construction sites leaves workers unprepared and vulnerable to preventable accidents.
    • Communication issues: Miscommunication, unclear instructions, or language barriers can result in unsafe actions and misunderstandings.
    • Inadequate training and resources: Workers without proper safety training or access to essential tools are more likely to face dangerous situations.

    Strategies to reduce worker injury

    Workplace injuries risk employees’ health and livelihoods and create significant challenges for companies. The ripple effects of accidents can severely impact a business’s operations and reputation, from costly compensation claims to project delays and strained employee morale. For construction companies, taking proactive steps to reduce injuries will maintain a reliable and productive workforce, help meet project deadlines, and ensure long-term growth.

    Here are some strategies to consider implementing into your construction business.

    • Invest in safety training: Workers who know how to identify hazards, use equipment properly, and follow safety protocols are far less likely to be injured, helping to keep projects on track and reduce downtime.
    • Improve communication: Miscommunication or unclear instructions can lead to mistakes that cause injuries. Establishing clear channels for updates and hazard reporting ensures that workers and supervisors are always on the same page.
    • Conduct thorough risk assessments: Job sites change constantly, and failing to evaluate risks can lead to preventable accidents. Regular inspections allow companies to address hazards before they become incidents.
    • Enforce adequate rest periods: Fatigue is a leading cause of workplace mistakes. Companies can improve focus and reduce errors by ensuring workers have regular breaks, ultimately saving time and costs.
    • Provide proper equipment: Outdated or inadequate tools and gear put workers at risk. Supplying up-to-date, high-quality equipment helps workers perform their tasks safely and efficiently.
    • Foster a safety-first culture: A strong safety culture encourages employees to prioritize their well-being over shortcuts. Recognizing and rewarding safe practices helps instill this mindset across the team.

    When companies invest in these measures, they protect their employees and minimize injury costs. They also avoid costly project delays while building trust within their workforce to take safety seriously.

    Bottom line

    Injuries and accidents in construction don’t have to be inevitable. By understanding trends like the “Monday effect” and addressing unsafe working conditions, you can protect your workers, reduce costs, and build a stronger team. Prioritizing safety is more than just a stat on the board—it’s about every individual’s quality of life and ensuring they feel valued, protected, and supported.

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  • How sleep apnea impacts construction workers’ safety and what to do about it

    How sleep apnea impacts construction workers’ safety and what to do about it

    Long work hours and physically demanding tasks strain workers in construction. When conditions like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) go unaddressed, they intensify this exhaustion, leading to severe safety risks and productivity issues. Recognizing and managing sleep apnea within this industry is essential to safeguard workers’ health and prevent potential hazards on job sites.

    Quick look

    • Construction workers with sleep apnea face nearly double the accident risk due to fatigue, impacting job safety and productivity.
    • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by airway blockages during sleep, is the most common form and a serious risk factor in demanding jobs.
    • Men, who make up a significant portion of the construction workforce, are 2-3 times more likely than women to develop sleep apnea.
    • Proper diagnosis, such as through a polysomnogram or CPAP machine use, is essential to managing symptoms and reducing workplace accidents.
    • Lifestyle changes like weight loss, sleep positioning, and supplements can further reduce the impact of sleep apnea on health and safety.

    What is sleep apnea?

    Sleep apnea is a disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, disrupting sleep quality and oxygen flow. The primary types are obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea.

    • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type. It is caused by a physical blockage of the airway, usually when throat muscles relax excessively. In construction, OSA poses significant risks, as sleep disruptions lead to reduced alertness and reaction times. 
    • Central sleep apnea: This form occurs when the brain fails to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing, resulting in intermittent breathing. Although less common in the general population, central sleep apnea can still impact safety and health on job sites.

    Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea

    OSA affects millions worldwide, with a significant portion undiagnosed. Studies estimate that up to 25% of adults experience some form of OSA. The prevalence is even higher among individuals in high-stress, physically demanding jobs like construction. This increase in risk reinforces the need for targeted interventions to protect these workers.

    Who is affected by OSA?

    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition that can affect people of all backgrounds, but it disproportionately impacts specific demographics. Men, especially those aged 40 and older, are 2-3 times more likely to develop sleep apnea than women. This statistic highlights a considerable risk in industries like construction, where the workforce is predominantly male. Furthermore, other factors such as obesity, high-stress environments, and irregular work hours increase susceptibility, making sleep apnea a major concern in such a physically demanding field.

    Sleep apnea symptoms

    Common sleep apnea symptoms can vary depending on the type but often include disturbances that impact daily alertness and energy, which are particularly risky in construction environments.

    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

    Common symptoms of OSA include loud snoring, choking or gasping for air during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Workers with OSA may experience poor concentration and memory lapses, directly affecting their ability to perform tasks safely on job sites.

    Central sleep apnea

    Unlike OSA, central sleep apnea symptoms can include pauses in breathing without the physical blockage of the airway. This form may manifest as abrupt awakenings with shortness of breath, insomnia, and daytime fatigue, all of which can reduce job performance and increase accident risks.

    How is sleep apnea diagnosed?

    Diagnosing sleep apnea is essential to prevent serious health and safety risks, especially in demanding fields like construction. A diagnosis usually begins with a thorough assessment of symptoms, followed by one or more specific tests.

    • Polysomnogram: Known as the gold standard for diagnosing sleep apnea, a polysomnogram is an overnight test conducted in a sleep lab. During the study, several sensors monitor various body functions, including brain waves, heart rate, breathing patterns, blood oxygen levels, and movements of the eyes and limbs. The data gathered provides comprehensive insights, helping to differentiate between obstructive and central sleep apnea. 
    • At-home sleep apnea tests: This diagnostic option offers a more convenient and often cost-effective alternative to in-lab studies. An at-home test monitors breathing, oxygen levels, and heart rate but lacks the brain wave data included in a polysomnogram. While it helps detect obstructive sleep apnea, it’s less reliable for identifying central sleep apnea, so in-lab studies are recommended if symptoms are more severe or complex.

    Why is a diagnosis so important?

    Diagnosing sleep apnea is critical in fields like construction, where fatigue and sleep disturbances can lead to serious safety risks. Studies consistently link untreated sleep apnea to increased levels of fatigue and a higher likelihood of workplace accidents. According to a meta-analysis, workers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are nearly twice as likely to experience occupational accidents due to impaired alertness and reaction times. This risk can have fatal consequences in construction, where heavy machinery and hazardous environments are the norm.

    Moreover, a report from the Laborers’ Health & Safety Fund of North America highlights that 75% of construction workers report feeling tired due to long work hours and demanding tasks​. When sleep apnea compounds this fatigue, the effects can be drastic. Fatigued workers are less attentive, have slower response times, and are more prone to errors—factors that directly impact their safety and those around them. 

    For construction workers, an OSA diagnosis not only opens the door to treatment options like CPAP therapy, which can reduce daytime fatigue, but it also plays a key role in reducing accident rates and improving overall job performance. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, these workers remain vulnerable to the compounded effects of sleep deprivation and job-related fatigue, putting themselves and their teams at greater risk.

    Tips and tricks to reduce the impact of sleep apnea

    While professional treatment is often necessary for managing sleep apnea, there are lifestyle changes and daily practices that can help reduce its impact. These tips can be especially useful for construction workers looking to improve sleep quality, reduce fatigue, and boost workplace safety.

    1. Implement a proper bedtime routine

    A consistent sleep schedule can help regulate the body’s internal clock, improving overall sleep quality. A few simple changes can make a big difference:

    • Regular sleep/wake times: Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day trains the body to fall asleep and wake up naturally.
    • Keep a cool bedroom: A room temperature between 60-67°F can facilitate deeper sleep by lowering body temperature.
    • Relaxation techniques: Practices like deep breathing, meditation, or reading can ease the transition into sleep by reducing stress and cortisol.
    • Minimize electronic use before bed: Limiting screen time reduces blue light exposure, which can disrupt melatonin production, a sleep-regulating hormone.

    2. Weight loss

    Carrying excess weight, particularly around the neck, increases the risk of airway obstruction during sleep. Even a small amount of weight loss can alleviate symptoms in individuals with mild to moderate sleep apnea.​

    3. Daily exercise

    Physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, has been shown to improve sleep quality and reduce the severity of sleep apnea symptoms. Exercise also boosts energy levels, counteracting the daytime fatigue often linked to sleep apnea.

    4. Facial muscle exercises to open airways

    Strengthening muscles around the airway can reduce the likelihood of airway collapse. Simple exercises like pressing the tongue to the roof of the mouth or pronouncing vowels can improve airway stability over time.

    5. Sleep position (avoid sleeping on the back)

    Sleeping on one’s back can cause the tongue and soft tissues to obstruct the airway. Side sleeping helps keep the airway clear, minimizing the risk of apnea events.

    6. Use a sleep apnea machine

    Sleep apnea machines like the CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) help keep airways open during sleep, significantly reducing apnea episodes and improving sleep quality. Regular use can lead to better daytime alertness and energy, which is crucial for demanding jobs like construction.

    7. Minimize/avoid food and drinks that contribute to poor sleep

    Certain foods and drinks can worsen sleep apnea symptoms by disrupting sleep patterns and contributing to airway blockages, so it’s best to minimize or avoid these options.

    • Alcohol: Although it can make people feel drowsy, alcohol also disrupts sleep patterns and relaxes throat muscles, worsening apnea symptoms.
    • Caffeine: Excessive caffeine intake has been shown to reduce sleep quality, leading to more sleep disturbances. 
    • Sugar: High-sugar foods can cause energy spikes and crashes, disrupting the natural sleep cycle.
    • High-fat or spicy foods: These can lead to indigestion or acid reflux, which interferes with sleep.

    8. Supplements

    Certain supplements may help improve sleep quality and support respiratory health. While this is dependent on each individual, these supplements have shown the most promise:

    • Vitamin C and D: These vitamins have anti-inflammatory properties that support lung function and immune health.
    • L-theanine: Known for its calming effects, this amino acid promotes relaxation and reduces stress.
    • Selenium: This mineral helps maintain a healthy respiratory system, which is crucial for individuals with sleep apnea.
    • Ashwagandha: Often used as a natural remedy for stress, ashwagandha may also improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety by reducing cortisol.
    • Magnesium: Magnesium, particularly magnesium glycinate, supports relaxation and improves sleep quality by helping regulate sleep-related neurotransmitters. It may also reduce nighttime awakenings, benefiting those managing sleep apnea symptoms.

    Bottom line

    Sleep apnea is a serious condition that can significantly impact health, safety, and productivity, especially in high-risk industries like construction. With nearly double the accident risk for workers with untreated sleep apnea, addressing this condition through diagnosis and lifestyle adjustments is essential for both personal health and workplace safety. Simple changes, from establishing a solid sleep routine to managing diet and exercise, can alleviate symptoms, while professional treatments provide effective, long-term management options. 

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  • Mastering heavy equipment safety: Tips for protecting your crew and job site 

    Mastering heavy equipment safety: Tips for protecting your crew and job site 

    Heavy machinery is the backbone of construction, engineering, and industrial projects, playing a critical role in completing large-scale tasks efficiently. However, its size, complexity, and power make safety a top priority, as accidents can lead to severe injuries or significant project setbacks. Key measures like thorough equipment inspections, providing comprehensive operator training, and implementing technology solutions can enhance safety standards to keep workers protected while ensuring seamless operations. 

    Quick look

    • Mishandling heavy machinery can lead to severe accidents. Understanding potential risks—like operator error, poor visibility, or equipment failure—helps crews stay alert and avoid dangerous situations.
    • Routine checks are essential. Look for wear and tear, monitor fluid levels, and address warning lights before each shift to catch minor issues before they escalate into serious hazards.
    • Proper training ensures operators understand their equipment’s capabilities and safety protocols. Refresher courses and emergency response drills are critical for maintaining job site safety.
    • Awareness is critical for both operators and ground workers. Establishing clear walkways, using universal hand signals, and leveraging tools like radios minimize miscommunication and accidents.
    • Proximity sensors, cameras, and telematics systems help detect blind spots, monitor machinery performance, and alert teams to potential issues, enhancing safety across the board.
    • Emergency response plans, regular safety meetings, and accessible first aid kits prepare crews to handle accidents calmly and effectively, reducing risks and ensuring quick recovery. 

    The dangers of heavy equipment  

    Heavy machinery has the potential to cause severe injuries and fatalities if not appropriately handled. Accidents may result from equipment malfunction, poor visibility, or operator error, creating hazards for workers nearby. Inadequate training can compound these risks, leaving employees unaware of how to respond to emergencies. Additionally, machinery’s sheer weight and force can turn minor mistakes into catastrophic events. Ensuring all workers understand the dangers is the first step in fostering a safer job site.

    10 best practices for using heavy equipment 

    1. Always inspect before use  

    Routine inspections prevent small issues from escalating into dangerous situations. Operators should check brakes, hydraulics, and tires to ensure all parts are in good working order. Identifying wear and tear early can reduce the risk of equipment failure during operation. Fluid levels and warning lights also require monitoring, as they can indicate potential malfunctions. Ensuring machinery is safe before every shift protects both operators and nearby personnel.

    2. Awareness  

    Staying alert is essential when working near heavy machinery. Operators must be aware of blind spots and surroundings to avoid collisions. Ground personnel should stay clear of moving equipment and use clear signals when approaching. Job sites should establish designated walkways to separate foot traffic from operating zones. Increased awareness minimizes preventable accidents and fosters a culture of safety.

    3. Proper training and education  

    Thorough training ensures operators know how to manage their machinery safely. Workers should understand the manufacturer’s guidelines and safety protocols for every piece of equipment. Regular refresher courses can keep skills sharp and introduce new safety practices. Knowing emergency procedures is also crucial, ensuring quick action if something goes wrong. Investing in education empowers employees to work confidently and safely.

    4. Know machine limitations  

    Understanding what equipment can and cannot do is vital for safe operation. Exceeding weight limits or misusing attachments can cause machinery to malfunction, leading to accidents. Operators should always follow the manufacturer’s specifications and avoid shortcuts that compromise safety. Knowing the machine’s capabilities helps operators make informed decisions and maintain control in challenging conditions.

    5. Proper communication with operators  

    Clear communication between operators and ground personnel reduces misunderstandings that can lead to accidents. Two-way radios or hand signals ensure instructions are understood during operation. Job sites should establish universal signals to eliminate confusion, even among new team members. Keeping lines of communication open ensures everyone is on the same page, improving safety and efficiency.

    6. Establish safety zones  

    Defining restricted areas around machinery minimizes the chance of unauthorized access and collisions. Safety barriers or cones can designate zones where only trained operators are allowed. Groundworkers should never enter these zones without notifying the operator. Clear boundaries keep both operators and nearby workers safe from unintentional harm.

    7. Wear appropriate safety gear  

    Personal protective equipment (PPE) is non-negotiable on job sites with heavy machinery. Helmets, gloves, high-visibility clothing, and steel-toed boots are essential for reducing injury risk. Reflective gear is particularly useful in low-light conditions, making workers more visible to operators. Properly worn and maintained PPE is the last line of defense in an accident.

    8. Implement technology solutions  

    Modern technology offers tools that enhance job site safety. Proximity sensors and cameras improve visibility, helping operators detect people or objects in blind spots. Telematics systems monitor equipment performance and notify operators of potential issues. By leveraging these tools, companies can prevent accidents and maintain better control over their operations.

    9. Maintain consistent safety meetings  

    Regular meetings reinforce safety protocols and keep workers informed about potential hazards. These sessions can address recent near-misses and provide updates on equipment or procedures. Including all employees in safety discussions fosters accountability and ensures a unified approach to risk management. Frequent reminders help safety remain a top priority.

    10. Develop emergency response plans  

    A well-practiced response plan ensures swift action in case of accidents. Workers should know the location of first aid kits, fire extinguishers, and emergency exits. Regular drills can prepare employees to act calmly under pressure. Planning for worst-case scenarios minimizes chaos and reduces the likelihood of severe outcomes.

    Bottom line  

    Enhancing safety around heavy machinery requires commitment and proactive measures. These practices keep workers safe and improve job site efficiency and morale. To explore more expert tips and stay updated on construction safety, subscribe to our newsletter at Under the Hard Hat. 

  • How OSHA’s revised PPE standard impacts construction safety in 2025

    How OSHA’s revised PPE standard impacts construction safety in 2025

    Keeping workers safe is a top priority in the construction industry, yet many trade workers have been left to manage with improperly fitting gear, leaving them vulnerable. OSHA’s latest personal protective equipment (PPE) standard update is a step in the right direction. The change ensures all workers have access to PPE that fits appropriately, addressing long-standing issues with one-size-fits-all gear.

    The final rule revision

    Effective January 13, 2025, the new rule requires construction employers to provide PPE that fits each worker correctly. Previously, ill-fitting PPE was a significant concern, especially for women and workers with smaller or larger body frames. Equipment like hard hats and gloves often failed to offer proper protection when they didn’t fit properly.

    Poorly fitting PPE can:

    • Fail to provide any protection to workers, leaving them exposed to hazards.
    • Reduce the overall effectiveness of the equipment, diminishing its ability to safeguard employees.
    • Create additional risks, such as loose gear getting caught in machinery.
    • Discourage workers from wearing the equipment, leading to further safety concerns.

    OSHA updated the rule to close this gap and align construction standards with those already in place for general industry and shipyards. By requiring employers to consider fit when selecting PPE, the rule ensures every worker can perform their job safely and comfortably.

    What this means for the construction industry

    • For employers: Construction companies must reevaluate their PPE inventories and provide abroaderr range of sizes to accommodate diverse body shapes. This means sourcing new equipment, training staff to recognize proper fit, and updating safety protocols. While this may initially increase costs, it ensures compliance and promotes a safer work environment.
    • For employees: Workers will benefit from safer, more comfortable gear that encourages consistent use. Properly fitting PPE reduces risks and enhances productivity by minimizing distractions caused by ill-fitting equipment. Employees should report any fit issues to their supervisors to ensure their safety is prioritized.

    Bottom line

    OSHA’s revised PPE standard addresses a critical workplace safety issue, ensuring all construction workers have access to properly fitting gear. This change will hopefully bring about a safer, more inclusive industry, benefiting both employers and employees. By adapting to these new requirements, construction companies can protect their workforce while meeting updated compliance standards.

    Don’t let outdated safety practices put your workforce at risk—stay ahead of industry changes with expert insights and updates. Subscribe to our newsletter and follow us on social media to ensure your team is always protected and compliant with the latest OSHA standards.

  • Twiceme: The smart tech that’s changing construction safety

    Twiceme: The smart tech that’s changing construction safety

    Trailblazing Swedish technology company Twiceme is transforming how safety is managed on job sites worldwide. Their innovative approach focuses on integrating emergency technology directly into safety gear using NFCs, providing instant access to critical information when it matters most.

    Twiceme’s smart technology embeds a scannable NFC (Near Field Communication) tag into helmets, vests, and other personal protective equipment. In the event of an accident, first responders or colleagues can scan the tag using a smartphone to instantly access vital information such as medical conditions, emergency contacts, and allergies. This quick access can save precious seconds, helping responders immediately provide proper care.

    Their website states, “By creating a technology with features developed for both workers, safety managers on site, and Safety directors, we’re creating an integral system for staying on top of compliance, safety, and secure processes.” 

    Twiceme offers a much-needed safety net in the construction industry, where accidents like falls or equipment mishaps are common. The company is setting a new standard for on-site safety by empowering workers with technology that simplifies emergency responses. Beyond immediate emergencies, the system also helps supervisors ensure their teams are better prepared, with easily accessible health data that supports preventive measures.

    Twiceme’s solution is particularly valuable in large or remote construction projects, where emergency services may face delays. By bridging the gap between injury and intervention, the technology protects workers and boosts morale, showing employees that their safety is a top priority.

    Integrating Twiceme into the construction sector demonstrates how innovation can make dangerous industries safer. With its user-friendly design, this technology is poised to become an essential tool for companies committed to fostering a safety culture. Whether you’re a construction manager, a safety officer, or a worker on the ground, safety starts with smart solutions.

    Stay updated on the latest safety innovations in construction—subscribe to our weekly newsletter!

  • Effective safety leadership in construction

    Effective safety leadership in construction

    Effective safety leadership starts at the top. Some effective safety leadership strategies include clear communication, accountability, adopting digital safety tools, and empowering workers.

    Safety leaders or reps don’t have the best reputation on job sites, but a leader’s approach to managing workplace safety can make or break the outcomes. Research shows that positive safety leadership improves employee safety practices by up to 86%. However, becoming an effective safety leader requires a few things. 

    Here are our top tips.

    7 tips to become an effective safety leader

    1. Lead by example

    Effective safety leadership is characterized by exemplary performance. When you adhere to safety protocols, workers are more likely to, too. That means things like demonstrating proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) or adhering to proper safety procedures. Construction managers must lead by example and commit to safety if they want their team to follow. This produces a culture of safety consciousness among workers. 

    Leading by example is also taking the initiative to identify and address potential safety hazards on job sites. Immediate action must be taken against safety hazards to maintain a safe work environment and minimize harm. This exemplifies your commitment to safety, instills a sense of responsibility toward safety among workers, and supports an environment where everyone feels encouraged to identify and report potential safety issues and hazards. 

    In short, safety leadership is characterized by a proactive approach that prioritizes worker and job site safety and fosters a culture of safety consciousness among all employees.

    2. Clear communication is key

    Establishing open communication channels is one of the easiest ways to encourage workers to adhere to safety protocols and report safety concerns without fear of retribution. 

    Regular safety meetings and toolbox talks are good opportunities to reinforce safety protocols, address worker concerns, and share best practices.

    Effective communication is also vital to ensuring all workers fully understand safety procedures. This is particularly crucial in the construction industry, where language barriers may present a challenge. Visual aids and language-appropriate training materials can improve workers’ comprehension and adherence to safety guidelines. 

    Never assume or imply people know. Effective safety leaders get out into the field to demonstrate and communicate about proper safety measures and mitigate risks on their job sites. 

    But it’s important to understand that communication is a two-way street—safety leaders must also listen to workers and address their concerns and questions. An effective safety leader must be a trusted liaison between the workers and upper management. 

    The bottom line: Workers are much more likely to adopt new safety measures and follow protocols when they clearly understand what they need to do and what’s expected of them. That boils down to clear communication and demonstration from safety leaders.

    3. Invest in ongoing training

    The safety leader is responsible for prioritizing ongoing safety training and certification for their team members. This includes regular refresher courses on safety protocols, new employee training and orientation, and specialized training programs for specific tasks or equipment operations.

    Training isn’t a one-time thing—it’s a continual process that is mandatory for workers to maintain a safe working environment. Courses and programs evolve with the project’s needs and industry advancements. By investing in ongoing training and education for their team, construction managers support a culture of competence and preparedness, which leads to improved job performance and lower risks.

    4. Empower your team

    Safety is collaborative. If participating in workplace safety events and training courses isn’t mandatory, workers aren’t going to. That’s why ensuring safety in the construction industry comes down to empowering workers to actively participate in the safety process. 

    This can be accomplished by encouraging workers to provide input on safety measures and value their opinions and ideas regarding developing safety protocols. Doing so not only taps into the workforce’s collective knowledge but also fosters a sense of ownership and accountability.

    For example, establishing a safety committee or appointing safety ambassadors within different sectors can involve workers and empower them to follow safety protocols. But it’s also important to recognize and reward contributions to further reinforce the importance of individual and collective commitment. 

    5. Conduct regular inspections and audits

    If regular audits and inspections on job sites aren’t completed, workers cannot be sure they are following safety protocols. Construction managers must commit to performing regular site inspections and audits to identify safety hazards and evaluate the efficacy of any safety measures implemented on-site. 

    These inspections should encompass every aspect of the work environment, from adherence to safety protocols to proper equipment maintenance and operation.

    6. Accountability at all levels

    Accountability equates to credibility. All company employees, whether executives or front-line workers, should be held accountable whenever safety is in question—and everyone should be held to the same standard. 

    When safety leaders follow through on accountability at every level, workers feel more comfortable and confident communicating ideas and concerns, which further feeds into a collaborative workplace. 

    7. Digitize safety

    With plenty of tools available, construction managers must use things like safety management software, mobile applications, and wearable technology to enhance and streamline safety procedures and communication.

    Digital tools allow for real-time incident reporting, track safety training records, identify and eliminate hazards, and offer instant access to safety manuals and guidelines. Adopting the latest construction technology enhances efficiency and showcases a commitment to keeping up with the latest safety innovations.